How does the writer create tension and suspense in The Red Room? :: Free Essay Writer

How does the writer create tension and suspense in The Red Room? The writer is able to create tension and suspense through various ways in the short story ‘The Red Room’. The opening sentence in the story immediately mentions the supernatural, which immediately tells us that this is a gothic story. The first sentence is dialogue, but we do not know who is speaking. This creates tension as it is withholding information. This is the main technique used to create both tension and suspense through out this story. Throughout the whole story we are not given any names of the character, but are distinguished by a certain phrase ‘the man with a withered arm’ shows us that each of the characters mentioned in this story has a negative description. The negative description and the withholding information build up tension as we want to know more about these characters and who they are. Using negative words make out that the characters are evil or decrepit. The words used to describe these characters are withered, old decayed and pale. We are also not given a name of the narrator or what business he has at the castle. All we know is that he is sceptical about the ghosts that these people are telling him about. ‘That it will take a very tangible ghost to frighten me’, shows a conflict between the superstitious and the sceptical. This builds up tension as we know that in most gothic stories, the sceptical are usually the ones to get punished. The narrator is mocking these other characters, which builds suspense as we know that in the end it will be he that will be hurt. Another way in which the writer builds up tension and suspense is by writing the story in first person. This makes us feel emotionally drawn to the character. We feel what the narrator feels, and we only know what the narrator knows. Using first person also allows us to trust the narrator or to empathise with the character. The use of imagery or personification increases the suspense in the story, ‘Shadows cower’ is a very descriptive way of showing how frightening the mansion is. It sounds as if the shadows which are linked to darkness themselves are afraid of a greater evil. We wonder what this great evil could be that makes evil itself tremble. Another personification used is ‘candles writhing’. Candles are usually associated to gothic stories, as it is only small source of light within a vast darkness of the room. These personifications and imagery brings the house to life as it makes you feel and see things much

Alwaleed Bin Talal’s Leadership Essay

Prince Alwaleed bin Talal is one of the world’s wealthiest investor and businessman. He has been able to gain connection in politics through entrepreneurship and international investments as an entrepreneur. He is a citizen of Lebanon and a member of the royal family, House of Saudi, in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Though not a member of the executive charged with ruling, he usually gets involved in politics of Lebanon for instance in the case of President Emile Lahoud against claims assassinating Lebanese billionaire Rafik Hariri and usually criticizes both local and international political issues in the media. He has so far been unsuccessful in his efforts to lead the Lebanese Sunni community. During Alwaleed’s early ages, his Father Prince Talal Abd al-Aziz, a known activist and modernizer, actively engaged in matters concerning the political issues that existed in the traditional governing system in Saudi Arabia in the early 1960s. He opposed Modern pan-Arabism that was led by the then leader of the United Arab Repulic, Jamal Gamal Abdel Nasser, which resulted to the suspension of his passport. He was forced to seek exile in Egypt. During this period, Alwaleed lived with his mother, Princess Muna al-Sulh who was the daughter of Riyadh al- Sulh, the first Prime Minister of the Independent Lebanon. In his early education, he attended elementary and middle schools in Beirut and returned to Lebanon in 1973 to attend King Abdul Aziz Military Academy to gain more discipline skills. He graduated with a Bachelor of Science Degree in Business administration from Menlo College California in 1979 and later enrolled for a masters Degree in Political Science from Syracuse University (Khan 2005). He rose to international fame in the early 1990s by purchasing a substantial amount of Citicorp shares when then firm was undergoing financial difficulties. He is an established investor and owns a chain of investments worldwide in the major industries such as banking, building and construction companies, telecommunications, broadcasting and media, entertainment, hospitality and involvement in charitable activities across many regions of the world. He also owns a lot of luxurious assets (Khan 2005). According to Machiavelli (2005) leadership qualities must be practical and not ideological in their application. In chapter 15 of The Prince, that leadership quality should be determined through consideration of personality traits, character and how a person conducts himself. A successful ruler must know when, where and in what way an upright person will act when confronted with different situations. Alwaleed has been able to demonstrate all these leadership qualities which are evident in the different criteria’s he employed in his investment activities throughout his life. He invested in shares of America’s Citicorp at the time when every investor was pulling out their capital from the firm and at a time when it neared its collapse due to bankruptcy, a decision that elicited mixed reactions across the world. Machiavelli talks of qualities that a leader must posses on those things which politicians or Princes must do that might either be praised or blamed in the end. He clearly differentiates the two categories in which a leader must apply specific ideologies. Machiavelli identifies the world that we live in as a kind of world of forms and which contains imperfect alternatives that are required in the world of ideas. Alwaleed seemed to recognize the world of ideas and did things that other people in the world of forms thought that they were impossible to happen. Upon his return after completion of his Master’s degree, he invested in the banking sector by purchasing shares in the United Saudi Commercial Bank. This move enabled the bank to gain enormous returns in terms of market value and also enabled the Bank to merge with Saudi Cairo Bank. His fortunes increased immensely through these risky but strategic business ventures. These elicited admirations from financial strategists across Asia and other parts of the world. Economic observers in the Saudi Kingdom and from other parts of the globe recognized his efforts and Alwaleed was thus chosen by the King as an advisor on economic matters. This enabled him improve on his unique strategic approaches to expansion of his business empire (Khan 2005). Â  Alwaleed’s character has been influenced through his grand father King Abd al-Aziz and the first prime minister of independent Lebanon who were all honest, upright and generous in their actions. They got a lot of respect and loyalty from the entire kingdom. All these characters can be displayed through his successful ventures and the ways in which he related to the people. His sudden amassment of wealth in a short period of time has led certain institutions to question the source of his wealth. According to the Economist online, Alwaleed is suspected to be a front man of other investors in the Saudi Arabian kingdom. All his sources of income are questioned and an account of his possible worth is calculated and the conclusion is that the source of his wealth is unquestionable because his business could not be in a position to accumulate such volume of wealth in a short period of time. Machiavelli’s leadership principle requires that a leader must engage in activities that may seem inappropriate, eliciting malicious interests and those that will require him to commit unethical ethics so long as it leads him to obtain success and power. What matters is the end result, the means doesn’t apply. Alwaleed was able to achieve success and power irrespective of the means he employed to achieve his success. His experience from the risky venture has enabled him to acquire riches and build business empires in addition to gaining international respect and recognition through investing in long-term projects (Machiavelli 17). Machiavelli on chapter 13 and 14 in the Online Literature Library the character of a Prince on matters concerning mercenaries and armies is discussed. They should be loyal to the ruler in fighting for the battle. In chapter 14, Machiavelli advises the prince to focus on the war and avoid other issues that pertains military matters. He should gain knowledge to enable him to maintain power stronghold throughout the battle. Prince Alwaleed was prepared in military matters after having attended King Abdul Aziz Military Academy and was prepared to lead incase he found his chance to the throne. He was therefore armed to be safe lest he is threatened by opposing forces to his power. This enabled him to gain trust from the King and thus he found a position in the cabinet and became the Kings Economic advisor. Bridging the East and Western Worlds Alwaleed fame is recognized internationally through his involvement in bridging the Arab world and the Western worlds. He has been involved in Islamic studies programs across Universities in the United States and other parts of the Globe. According to Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Islamic Studies Program at Harvard University, prince Alwaleed is committed to the fostering the importance of peace and tolerance. They assert that the best way to achieve this is through the bridging of the understanding between the East and the West. He is also committed in making the world a better place. He is the champion representative of UNESCO and also supports charities for children. Â  He engages in cultural activities aimed at promoting mutual understanding. The prince also has funded an educational centre at Georgetown University that aims at improving understanding between Islamic and Christian religions. Other initiatives include cross cultural educational institutions in Europe, Africa and the Middle-East. This shows a connection with the qualities of a leader cited by Machiavelli. On generosity and miserliness, a leader is supposed to spend excess amounts of his fortune on things that will improve or heighten his publicity but by doing so keep in mind the consequences that might befall him in the event that his fortune dwindles (Machiavelli 14). Chapter 18 tells the things that a politician must do which concerns his faith. Alwaleed has been able to extend his religion to the western world through funding foundations that touch on his Islamic religion. In this chapter Machiavelli asserts that private morality should prevail over public life and in order to be successful, praise must come from other human beings even if it means doing things are wrong in different perspectives. Rulers must therefore be generous in utilizing their wealth and appear tough on running their businesses even if it means using cruelty. He has stood strong on his word of Bridging the east and west and has stood strong in his faith.

Role of Smes in National Development - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 1985 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/09/21 Category Advertising Essay Type Argumentative essay Tags: Development Essay Manufacturing Essay Did you like this example? ABSTRACT SMEs form the backbone of the Indian manufacturing sector and have become engine of economic growth in India. It is estimated that SMEs account for almost 90% of industrial units in India and 40% of value addition in the manufacturing sector. This paper closely analyses the growth and development of the Indian mall scale sector from opening of the economy in 1991. Third part looks into the present scenario of SMEs and the problems they phases like lending, marketing, licensing issues in detail. The Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Act, 2006 is intended to boost the sector. The provisions of the Act are examined closely. The final part provides some future policy framework for the sustainability of the sector. INTRODUCTION Worldwide, the micro small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) have been accepted as the engine of economic growth and for promoting equitable development. The major advantage of the sector is its employment potential at low capital cost. The labou r intensity of the MSME sector is much higher than that of the large enterprises. The MSMEs constitute over 90% of total enterprises in most of the economies and are credited with generating the highest rates of employment growth and account for a major share of industrial production and exports. In India too, the MSMEs play a pivotal role in the overall industrial economy of the country. In recent years the MSME sector has consistently registered higher growth rate compared to the overall industrial sector. With its agility and dynamism, the sector has shown admirable innovativeness and adaptability to survive the recent economic downturn and recession. As per available statistics (4th Census of MSME Sector), this sector employs an estimated 59. 7 million persons spread over 26. 1 million enterprises. It is estimated that in terms of value, MSME sector accounts for about 45% of the manufacturing output and around 40% of the total export of the country. The President under Not ification dated 9th May 2007 has amended the Government of India (Allocation of Business) Rules, 1961. Pursuant to this amendment, Ministry of Agro and Rural Industries (Krishi Evam Gramin Udyog Mantralaya) and Ministry of Small Scale Industries (Laghu Udyog Mantralaya) have been merged into a single Ministry, namely, â€Å"MINISTRY OF MICRO, SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES (SUKSHMA LAGHU AUR MADHYAM UDYAM MANTRALAYA)† SMEs IN INDIA With the advent of planned economy from 1951 and the subsequent industrial policy followed by Government of India, both planners and Government earmarked a special role for small-scale industries and medium scale industries in the Indian economy. Due protection was accorded to both sectors, and particularly for small- scale industries from 1951 to 1991, till the nation adopted a policy of liberalization and globalization. Certain products were reserved for small-scale units for a long time, though this list of products is decreasing due to change in industrial policies and climate. SMEs always represented the model of socio-economic policies of Government of India which emphasized judicious use of foreign exchange for import of capital goods and inputs; labour intensive mode of production; employment generation; non- concentration of diffusion of economic power in the hands of few (as in the case of big houses); discouraging monopolistic practices of production and marketing; and finally effective contribution to foreign exchange earning of the nation with low import-intensive operations. It was also coupled with the policy of de-concentration of industrial activities in few geographical centers. It can be observed that by and large, SMEs in India met the expectations of the Government in this respect. SMEs developed in a manner, which made it possible for them to achieve the following objectives: †¢ High contribution to domestic production †¢ Significant export earnings †¢ Low investment requirements â € ¢ Operational flexibility †¢ Location wise mobility †¢ Low intensive imports †¢ Capacities to develop appropriate indigenous technology †¢ Import substitution †¢ Contribution towards defense production †¢ Technology – oriented industries †¢ Competitiveness in domestic and export markets At the same time one has to understand the limitations of SMEs, which are: †¢ Low Capital base †¢ Concentration of functions in one / two persons †¢ Inadequate exposure to international environment †¢ Inability to face impact of WTO regime †¢ Inadequate contribution towards R D †¢ Lack of professionalism In spite of these limitations, the SMEs have made significant contribution towards technological development and exports. SMEs have been established in almost all-major sectors in the Indian industry such as: †¢ Food Processing †¢ Agricultural Inputs †¢ Chemicals Pharmaceuticals Engineering; Electricals; E lectronics †¢ Electro-medical equipment †¢ Textiles and Garments †¢ Leather and leather goods †¢ Meat products †¢ Bio-engineering †¢ Sports goods †¢ Plastics products †¢ Computer Software, etc. As a result of globalization and liberalization, coupled with WTO regime, Indian SMEs have been passing through a transitional period. With slowing down of economy in India and abroad, particularly USA and European Union and enhanced competition from China and a few low cost centers of production from abroad many units have been facing a tough time. Those SMEs who have strong technological base, international business outlook, competitive spirit and willingness to restructure themselves shall withstand the present challenges and come out with shining colours to make their own contribution to the Indian economy. DEFINITION OF SMEs IN INDIA A well-debated issue, the definition of small and medium enterprises in India was very recently ratified. The Mic ro, Small and Medium Enterprises Bill, 2006, which is likely to take effect from October 2006, define the segment on the basis of investments in plant and machinery. Small enterprises are those with an investment of not more than Rs 50 million in plant and machinery, and medium enterprises with an investment of over Rs 50 million but less than Rs 100 million in plant and machinery. This definition has finally put the segment within a legal framework. SMEs will be as defined in RPCD Circular No. RPCD. PLFNS. BC. 31/ 06. 02. 31/ 2005-06 dated August 19, 2005, which is reproduced below: At present, a small scale industrial unit is an undertaking in which investment in plant and machinery, does not exceed Rs. crore, except in respect of certain specified items under hosiery, hand tools, drugs and pharmaceuticals, stationery items and sports goods, where this investment limit has been enhanced to Rs. 5 crore. A comprehensive legislation which would enable the paradigm shift from smal l scale industry to small and medium enterprises is under consideration of Parliament. Pending enactment of the above legislation, current SSI/ tiny industries definition may continue. Units with investment in plant and machinery in excess of SSI limit and up to Rs. 10 crore may be treated as Medium Enterprises (ME). MICRO, SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES FINANCING IN INDIA The Census of Small Scale Industries found that only 14. 26% of the registered units availed bank finance, while only 3. 09% of the unregistered units had access to bank finance. This means that 97% of the smaller among the small enterprises were deprived of the institutional credit. In other words, most of tiny and micro enterprises use self finance or borrowed funds from friends, relatives and moneylenders. Moneylenders continue to play important role after self-finance. The recent All India Debt and Investment Survey has revealed that the share of moneylenders in total dues of rural households rose from 17. 5% in 1991 to 29. 6% in 2002. A recent World Bank survey (August 2006) on the status of flow of credit to SME sector has revealed that in the start-up phase, family constitutes an extremely important source of funds for overwhelming majority (over 85%) of the respondents and trade credit came next in importance, representing extremely important source of funds for 27% of the respondents. In comparison, bank loans from state-owned banks make up an extremely important source for 15% and very important source for about 17% of the firms surveyed 1. Institutional Credit Structure A multi-level institutional structure exists for financing of small enterprises and non-farm enterprises in India. This consists of commercial banks, cooperative banks, RRBs, State Financial Corporations. Credit to small enterprises comes under priority sector lending programme of banks. The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) constantly reviews the flow of credit to this sector. To improve the flow of credit, the R BI has constituted several committees and working groups since 1991. Notable among the committees are Nayak Committee, Kapur Committee and Ganguly Committee. Appropriate measures are taken by the RBI and Government from time to time based upon the decision of the Standing Committee on SSI set up at the RBI. An exclusive refinancing bank, called Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI) was set up in 1990. The issue of providing micro credit to micro-enterprises through development of SHG-Banks Linkage rests mainly with National Bank for Agricultural and Rural Development (NABARD). However, major part of SHG-Bank Linkage credit is in the form of micro credit to meet production and consumption needs and not for micro enterprises CONTRIBUTION TO NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 1. It is estimated that SMEs account for almost 90% of industrial units in India and 40% of value addition in the manufacturing sector 2. The major advantage of the sector is its employment potential at low capi tal cost; this sector employs an estimated 59. 7 million persons spread over 26. 1 million enterprises 3. The MSMEs constitute over 90% of total enterprises in most of the economies and are credited with generating the highest rates of employment growth and account for a major share of industrial production and exports, i. e. MSME sector accounts for about 45% of the manufacturing output and around 40% of the total export of the country The SMEs in India: Present Scenario In the recent past, small companies have performed better than their larger counterpart. Between 2001-06, net companies with net turnover of Rs. 1 crore – 50 crore had a higher growth rate of 701 per cent as compared to 169 per cent for large companies with turnover of over Rs. ,000 crore (Business World Jan. 2007). The total SSI production, which had reached the all time high of Rs. 1,89,200 crores in 1989-90 dropped dramatically in the next 10 years and only in 2001-02 the level of production was surpas sed. But after 2002, the production has risen at a aster rate. Since 2000, there is a continuous growth in number of units, production, employment and in exports. The average annual growth in the number of units was around 4. 1%. At the Note : Figures in parenthesis Indicate percentage growth over previous years Source: Development Commissioner (SSI) CONCLUSION Small industry in India has found itself in an intensely competitive environment since 1991, thanks to globalisation, domestic economic liberalisation and dilution of sector-specific protective measures. The international and national policy changes have thrown open new opportunities and markets for the Indian small industry. Concerted effort is needed from the government and small industry to imbibe technological dynamism. Technological upgradation and in-house technological innovations and promotion of inter-firm linkages need to be encouraged consciously and consistently. Financial infrastructure needs to be broadene d and adequate inflow of credit to the sector be ensured taking into consideration the growing investment demand, including the requirements of technological transformation. Small industry should be allowed to come up only in designated industrial areas for better monitoring and periodic surveys. A technologically vibrant, internationally competitive small and medium industry should be encouraged to emerge, to make a sustainable contribution to national income, employment and exports. It is essential to take care of the sector to enable it to take care of the Indian economy. REFERENCES †¢ Raju K. D. ,2008, Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in India: Past, Present and Future, PHDCCI Working Paper, Rajiv Gandhi School of Intellectual Property Law, IIT Kharagpur https://papers. ssrn. com/sol3/papers. cfm? abstract_id=1080505 †¢ †¢ Emerging SMEs of India, auto component https://www. dnb. co. in/smes/smes. asp †¢ THE MICRO, SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES DEVELOPME NT ACT, (2006) https://www. and. nic. in/C_charter/indust/msmeact2006. pdf †¢ Ministry of micro , small and medium Enterprises (Government of India) 2007 https://msme. gov. in/msme_aboutus. htm Reserve bank of india,2005, â€Å"Debt restructuring mechanism for SMEs in India, https://www. rbi. org. in/scripts/NotificationUser. aspx? Id=2502Mode=0 †¢ SME TIMES 2008, Alternative avenues to SME financing, https://smetimes. tradeindia. com/smetimes/news/top- stories/2008/Aug/14/alternative-avenues-to-sme-financing. html †¢ Prasad C. S. ,Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Financing in India – issues and concern Issues, https://cab. org. in/CAB%20Calling%20Content/Small%20and%20Medium%20Ent erprises%20- %20Financing%20Need%20for%20Paradigm%20Shift/MSME%20Financing%20in%2 0India%20-%20Issues%20and%20Concerns. pdf Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Role of Smes in National Development" essay for you Create order